Healing, hormones & brain
SS-31
Elamipretide, Forzinity
A mitochondria-targeting peptide approved only for a rare genetic disease.
What it is
A small synthetic peptide that concentrates in mitochondria, the energy-producing parts of cells.
How it's thought to work
It binds cardiolipin, a fat in the inner mitochondrial membrane, helping stabilise the machinery that produces cell energy.
What the evidence shows
It has been tested in trials for mitochondrial myopathy, heart failure and Barth syndrome, with mixed results. A large trial in mitochondrial myopathy did not meet its main goal.
Regulatory status
On 19 September 2025 the US FDA granted accelerated approval (as Forzinity) for Barth syndrome, a rare inherited disease, in patients weighing at least 30 kg. It is not approved for general wellness or anti-aging.
Safety notes
Injection-site reactions were the most common side effect in trials.
Key sources
- Stealth BioTherapeutics. Elamipretide clinical program and FDA accelerated approval for Barth syndrome, 2025.
Educational summary only, not medical advice. Gtides does not sell or link to sellers of SS-31 or any other product. Products sold as “research peptides” are not approved medicines, and their contents, purity and sterility are not verified.